Prevention of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with vitamin D supplementation: A randomized trial

Neurology. 2020 Sep 1;95(9):e1117-e1125. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010343. Epub 2020 Aug 5.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in preventing recurrences of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Methods: We performed an investigator-initiated, blinded-outcome assessor, parallel, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in 8 hospitals between December 2013 and May 2017. Patients with confirmed BPPV were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 518) or the observation (n = 532) group after successful treatment with canalith repositioning maneuvers. The primary outcome was the annual recurrence rate (ARR). Patients in the intervention group had taken vitamin D 400 IU and 500 mg of calcium carbonate twice a day for 1 year when serum vitamin D level was lower than 20 ng/mL. Patients in the observation group were assigned to follow-ups without further vitamin D evaluation or supplementation.

Results: The intervention group showed a reduction in the ARR (0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-0.92] vs 1.10 [95% CI, 1.00-1.19] recurrences per 1 person-year) with an incidence rate ratio of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66-0.87, p < 0.001) and an absolute rate ratio of -0.27 (-0.40 to -0.14) from intention-to-treat analysis. The number needed to treat was 3.70 (95% CI, 2.50-7.14). The proportion of patients with recurrence was also lower in the intervention than in the observation group (37.8 vs 46.7%, p = 0.005).

Conclusions: Supplementation of vitamin D and calcium may be considered in patients with frequent attacks of BPPV, especially when serum vitamin D is subnormal.

Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with BPPV, vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces recurrences of BPPV.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Pragmatic Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Accidental Falls / statistics & numerical data
  • Aged
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / blood
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / complications
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / prevention & control*
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / therapy
  • Calcium / blood
  • Calcium Carbonate / therapeutic use*
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Fractures, Bone / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Otolithic Membrane
  • Parathyroid Hormone / blood
  • Patient Positioning
  • Phosphorus / blood
  • Recurrence
  • Secondary Prevention
  • Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives
  • Vitamin D / blood
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / blood
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / complications
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / drug therapy*
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Parathyroid Hormone
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin D
  • Phosphorus
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Calcium