Mitochondria at the synapse

Neuroscientist. 2006 Aug;12(4):291-9. doi: 10.1177/1073858406287661.

Abstract

Synapses are packed with mitochondria, complex organelles with roles in energy metabolism, cell signaling, and calcium homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which mitochondria influence neurotrans mission remain undefined. In this review, the authors discuss pharmacological and genetic analyses of synaptic mitochondrial function, focusing on their role in Ca2+ buffering and ATP production. Additionally, they will summarize recent data that implicate synaptic mitochondria in the regulation of neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal activity and link these findings to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases that feature disrupted synaptic mitochondria, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / biosynthesis
  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Mitochondria / physiology*
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / physiopathology
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism
  • Synapses / physiology*
  • Synaptic Transmission / physiology

Substances

  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Calcium